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|casualties2= |casualties_label= Arrests, etc. |howmany1 = Protesters: 100,000+〔 |howmany2= Counter Protesters: Several thousand〔 〕}} The 2011 Wisconsin protests were a series of demonstrations in the state of Wisconsin in the United States beginning in February involving at its zenith as many as 100,000 protesters opposing the 2011 Wisconsin Act 10, also called the ''"Wisconsin Budget Repair bill."'' Subsequently, anti-tax activists and other conservatives, including Tea Party advocates, launched small pockets of counter protests.〔(Biggest protests yet as pro-Walker side, larger union crowd meet peacefully )〕 The protests centered on the Wisconsin State Capitol in Madison, with satellite protests also occurring at other municipalities throughout the state.〔(Milwaukee teachers protest locally against budget-repair bill )〕〔(Northeastern Wisconsin residents join Wisconsin budget repair bill protests )〕 Demonstrations took place at various college campuses, including the University of Wisconsin–Madison〔(UW teachers, students protest Walker's budget fix )〕 and the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.〔(UWM Students Rally Against Budget Proposal )〕 After the collective bargaining bill was upheld by the Wisconsin Supreme Court on June 14,〔(Supreme Court reinstates collective bargaining law )〕 the number of protesters declined to about 1,000 within a couple days.〔(Wisconsin Demoralized, Demobilized )〕 The protests were a major driving force for recall elections of state senators in 2011 and 2012, the failed recall of Governor Scott Walker in 2012 and a contentious Wisconsin Supreme Court election in 2011. ==Background== Wisconsin was the first state in the United States to provide collective bargaining rights to public employees in 1959. Over the past decades public sector labor unions have grown from 10.8% of public workers being represented by a union in 1960 to 36.2% in 2010. Over the same time period, the percentage of public sector employees in a union shrank from 31.9% to 6.9%. This increase in public-employee unionism coincided with the granting of collective bargaining rights to public employees. Total union membership for all employees, both public and private, has decreased substantially over the years, with total union membership in 2010 at 11.4%.〔("Trade Union Density" ) OECD StatExtracts. Accessed: October 2, 2011.〕 When Jim Doyle (D-Wisconsin) was governor (2003–2010), the budget deficits that the state faced were filled three times by taking money from the transportation fund, in amounts totaling $1.257 billion.〔(Transportation Fund Raids: Yes or No? )〕 Subsequently, 53 counties throughout the state passed referenda to prevent government officials from taking money from the transportation fund for use in other projects.〔(53 counties pass referendum for protecting transportation funds )〕 Both Governor Walker and his opponent in the 2010 Governor's race, Tom Barrett, stated that they would not close the budget deficit by taking money from the transportation fund.〔(We won't raid road fund, Wisconsin governor candidates Tom Barrett, Scott Walker say )〕 As a candidate for governor, Walker proposed that state employees pay more toward their pensions saying it would save the state about $180 million a year.〔(Wis. gov hopeful: State employees pay for pensions )〕 Walker was elected as Governor in November 2010. Under collective-bargaining agreements with some unions insurance coverage was required to be purchased from WEA-Trust, a healthcare corporation also owned by the teacher's union (WEAC). Some comparisons have shown coverage by the WEA-Trust to be significantly higher than coverage provided by other insurers.〔(Act 10, Contracts, School Boards, and Health Insurance - CudahyNOW )〕 Contributions for health insurance of active employees total 38.8% of wages. For private-sector workers nationwide, as of 2011, the average is 10.7%. Public-sector unions may also have cover health insurance for retirees, which can have significant cost. This is especially the case for teachers in many states, because the eligibility rules of their pension plans often induce them to retire in their 50s, and Medicare does not kick in until age 65.〔 According to David Cay Johnston, Wisconsin state employers currently pay 5% of employee wages into their pension under the principle of "deferred compensation." In January 2011, the state legislature passed a series of bills providing additional tax cuts and deductions for businesses at "a two-year cost of $67 million." In early February, the Walker administration projected a budget shortfall in 2013 (Wisconsin functions on two-year budgets) of $3.6 billion and a $137 million shortfall for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2011. The Walker-backed bill proposed to alleviate the budget shortfall included taking away the ability of public sector unions to bargain collectively over pensions and health care and limiting pay raises of public employees to the rate of inflation, as well as ending automatic union dues collection by the state and requiring public unions to recertify annually. The bargaining changes exempted the unions of public safety officers, including police, firefighters, and state troopers. Walker stated that without the cuts thousands of state workers would have to be laid off.〔(Walker calls for cuts or big layoffs )〕 The protests and demonstrations began following Walker's introduction of Assembly Bill 11 to the Wisconsin State Assembly on February 14, 2011. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2011 Wisconsin protests」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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